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Heidi Ravven : ウィキペディア英語版
Heidi Ravven

Heidi M. Ravven (born 1952) is Professor of Religious Studies at Hamilton College, where she has taught Jewish Studies since 1983. She holds a Ph.D. from Brandeis University (1984), she attended Smith College, and is a 1970 graduate of the Commonwealth School, Boston. Ravven is a founding member of the Society for Empirical Ethics, an organization devoted to promoting dialogue among philosophers, neurobiologists, psychologists, anthropologists, and other social and natural scientists about ethics.
== Career ==
Ravven is a neurophilosopher and specialist on the philosophy of the seventeenth century philosopher, Baruch Spinoza. She was the first to argue that Spinoza's moral philosophy is a systems theory of ethics. Ravven was also the first philosopher to propose that Spinoza anticipated central discoveries in the neuroscience of the emotions. Ravven has published widely on Spinoza's philosophic thought, on the twelfth century philosopher Moses Maimonides, on G.W.F. Hegel and feminism, and on Jewish ethics and Jewish feminism.
She has been active in the Academy for Jewish Philosophy, the International Neuroethics Society, the North American Spinoza Society, and is a member of the American Philosophical Association, the Association for Jewish Studies, the International Academy of Law and Mental Health, and the Society for Jewish Ethics. Ravven is a member of the Advisory Editorial Board of the ''Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics'' (http://www.iiisci.org/journal/sci/Past.asp). She is responsible for advising and editorial activities in two areas: in Neurophilosophy and also in Ethics.
In 2004 Ravven received an unsolicited $500,000 grant from the Ford Foundation to write a book rethinking ethics. That book, ''The Self Beyond Itself: An Alternative History of Ethics, the New Brain Sciences, and the Myth of Free Will'' was published by The New Press in May, 2013. It is an extended and multidisciplinary inquiry into moral agency: why we are moral, why and when we are not, and how to get people to be more moral. Ravven concludes with her own theory of moral agency inspired by the philosophy of Spinoza, which she updates to reflect contemporary understandings of how the brain/mind works in moral thinking and action. The book is accessibly written for a generally educated audience rather than just for specialists.

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